![]() He compiled a work of 37 chapters covering natural history, architecture, medicine, geography, geology, and all aspects of the world around him. The earliest encyclopedic work to have survived to modern times is the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder, a Roman statesman living in the 1st century AD. Naturalis Historiæ, 1669 edition, title page Using Varro's list, subsequent writers defined the seven classical "liberal arts of the medieval schools". ![]() Varro decided to focus on identifying nine of these arts: grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, musical theory, medicine, and architecture. The most noteworthy portion of the Nine Books of Disciplines is its use of the liberal arts as organizing principles. ![]() His Nine Books of Disciplines became a model for later encyclopedists, especially Pliny the Elder. Marcus Terentius Varro ( / ˈ m ɑːr k ə s t ə ˈ r ɛ n ʃ ə s ˈ v æ r oʊ/ 116 BC – 27 BC) was an ancient Roman scholar and writer. Western encyclopedias Ancient times Įncyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years, although even older glossaries such as the Babylonian Urra=hubullu and the ancient Chinese Erya are also sometimes described as "encyclopedias".
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